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国际医疗医院为您分析:何为肾结石?

2021-12-24  

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“肾结石”这个名词大家可能都知道,但不了解,何为肾结石呢?百汇国际医疗医院告诉您,肾结石的类型有哪些?小编来为您具体分析下,希望能帮助到你,欢迎来阅读。


何为肾结石?


肾结石是盐和矿物质在肾脏或尿路内形成的坚硬沉积物,根据所处位置,可分为肾脏结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石和尿道结石。草酸钙结石是常见的结石类型。通常情况下,这些物质会在尿液中溶解,但某些疾病或营养摄入会导致它们在尿液中的浓度上升,形成晶体。

肾结石会引起剧痛,如果不加以治疗,可能导致严重的并发症,如肾功能受损或肾脏感染。
所有年龄段的人群都有可能患上肾结石,包括儿童,但一般20-40岁男性的患病风险更大。

肾结石的类型
肾结石可按成因进行分类,确定结石类型有助于更好地预防其复发。肾结石的类型包括如下:

钙结石
钙结石是最常见的肾结石类型,以草酸钙结石为主。草酸盐可由肝脏生成,坚果和巧克力等食物的草酸盐含量也很高。另外,大量补充维生素D、患有某些种类的代谢紊乱以及做过肠道旁路手术都有可能增加尿液中钙或草酸盐的浓度。

钙结石也可能以磷酸钙的形式出现,更常见于患有代谢疾病的人群。此外,某些用于治疗偏头痛和癫痫的药物也会促进磷酸钙结石的生成。

磷酸铵镁结石
磷酸铵镁结石由尿路感染所致,可迅速沉积,形成较大体积的结石,但此类结石一般很少引起明显的症状。


尿酸结石
尿酸结石通常因高蛋白摄入或长期腹泻导致的水分流失而形成。患有糖尿病、代谢综合征或具备某些遗传因素的人群患此类结石的风险更高。

胱氨酸结石

胱氨酸结石由遗传性疾病——胱氨酸尿症所致,这种疾病会导致肾脏排泄出过量的某种氨基酸。


参考资料

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